Performance and Application of Surfactant Monomers for Chemical Fiber Oils
2021-06-06
The structural characteristics and performance of the body point out that it is necessary to speed up the development of the surfactant monomer for chemical fiber oils in China.
Xian 1 is widely used in a-synthesis (C-dimensional length of the Wishing research and management for ightsreserved. Health, senior engineer. Has long been engaged in chemical, chemical fiber and other professional aspects of the technology 1 chemical fiber requirements of oil agent chemical fiber to oil properties The requirement is high, after the fiber is oiled, some need to be stretched and dried at high temperature, and the finished wire is also subjected to processes such as post-processing, elastic loading, weaving, etc. Therefore, it is required that the oil should have a certain degree of heat resistance. Decomposition, less volatilization, no coloration of the fiber, oil agent must have a certain oil film strength, good smoothness, no hairiness and breakage during fiber production and post-processing, minimize white powder, precipitate, oil agent To give the fiber excellent antistatic properties.
Chemical fiber oils are mainly composed of smoothing agents, emulsifiers and antistatic agents. Among them, the smoothing agents are mainly synthetic fatty acid esters, polyethers, and a small amount of mineral oil; the emulsifiers are mainly polyoxyethylene ethers; and the antistatic agents are mainly alkyl phosphate esters and alkyl ether phosphate esters. In the preparation of oils, it is difficult to adapt to a variety of requirements by relying solely on a surfactant. Therefore, several different types and types of surfactants are compounded to exert their synergistic effects.
According to the characteristics of specific fibers, the requirements of the spinning process on the properties of the oil, and the use of special techniques to prepare qualified oil products.
2 Antistatic Agents For a long time, antistatic agents for synthetic fiber oils are usually phosphate esters (salts) produced from linear alcohols represented by lauryl alcohol as the main component, and the antistatic properties of the treated fibers are not sufficient and are not satisfactory. result. Since the 1990s, Sanyo Chemicals Japan and Bayer AG have received good results as antistatic constituents of phosphate monoesters (salts) containing C20 or more branched isomers. For example, the alkylene oxide adducts of isomeric C20-C36 branched hydrocarbon alcohols are used as raw materials, and the synthesized phosphates (salts) have a good antistatic effect, and the effects at high temperature are particularly not applicable to the production of silk. Rolling rollers and other obstacles can occur, which have good heat resistance, good smoothness, and can prevent white powder from falling off.
2.1 Phosphate phosphate ester has good heat resistance and low thermal volatility. The oil formulated with it can increase the strength of the oil film, reduce the wear, improve the carding state, and reduce the sticking phenomenon. However, if the proportion is too large or used alone, It will make the smoothness of the fiber too large and lack of cohesion. At present, the products obtained by using the phosphorus pentoxide and the fatty alcohol as the raw material to produce the phosphate ester are mainly a mixture of mono- and di-alkyl phosphates. Monoalkyl esters have better antistatic properties than dialkyl esters, while the dialkyl esters have better smoothness than monoalkyl esters. It has been reported that the content of mono- and di-esters in synthetic fiber oils is 1:1 as an antistatic agent.
The antistatic effect of alkyl phosphate esters is strongly related to relative humidity, and when the relative humidity is low (40%), the antistatic effect is poor. At a relative humidity of 4565%, the mono-alkyl group has a better antistatic effect than the di-alkyl phosphate. Phosphate salt properties and the type of neutralizing agent have a certain relationship, such as phosphate sodium phosphate than potassium phosphate salt to make the fiber smooth, but poor antistatic properties.
Alkyl phosphate esters and alkyl ether phosphate anionic antistatic agents can be divided into two categories, low-carbon alcohol phosphates and high-carbon alcohol phosphate esters, depending on the length of the alkyl group. The lower alcohol phosphoric acid ester salts have good antistatic properties, poor smoothness, astringent fiber feel, stickiness at high humidity, and significantly reduced antistatic properties at low humidity; high carbon alcohol phosphate ester salts have less antistatic properties, but are smoother. Good, fiber feels soft and smooth. The antistatic property of alkyl ether (or polyether) phosphate esters is mainly related to the length of alkyl carbon chain, the influence of ether chain structure is relatively small, the sensitivity to temperature and humidity is reduced, and the compatibility with polyether monomers With good properties, the antistatic effect of the high-carbon alcohol ether phosphate ester salt is better than that of the corresponding high-carbon alcohol phosphate salt. The mono- and di-ester ratio of the alkyl (ether) phosphate ester also has an effect on the properties, high monoester content, good anti-static properties, and poor smoothness; with many di-esters, good smoothness and reduced antistatic properties.
Low-carbon alcohols generally refer to alcohols below Cn. Phosphorus pentoxide phosphorylation technology is mainly used. The actual production process needs to solve problems such as product color, mono- and di-ester ratio control, and composition stability. It can be applied to dry acrylic fibers and fine denier polypropylene fibers. And other oils.
High-carbon alcohol phosphate ester is a new antistatic agent. High-carbon alcohols generally have a C18 or higher carbon chain with a high melting point. High-tech industrial company of Tianjin Polytechnic University compared the antistatic effect of different structures, monoesters and high-carbon alcohol phosphate esters on polyester, nylon and polypropylene.
With the addition of a third monomer, an antioxidant, and the like, the synthesized mono- and di-ester ratio of the high-carbon alcohol phosphate ester has excellent antistatic properties.
Alkyl ether (or polyether) phosphate ester alkyl ether phosphate ester is a common component in short fiber oils. With the addition of ethylene oxide groups, its smoothness increases, but its antistatic effect is not affected. obvious.
Alkyl ether (or polyether) phosphate esters are characterized by their good compatibility with polyethers, they can both have the properties of polyethers and phosphate esters, have excellent antistatic properties and heat resistance, and are internationally One of the hot spots in phosphate research. Its technical core is the control of the structure of the polyether and the ratio of monoesters of phosphate esters.
2.2 Sulfate ester sulfate is a commonly used component in short fiber oils, its main varieties are alkyl sulfate and alkyl ether sulfate. The raw materials used for the production of sulfate esters are mainly lauryl alcohol and Cu~Cl4 synthetic fatty alcohols.
Sulfate gives good fiber smoothness. The smoothness of the fiber is related to the length of the alkyl chain in the sulfate molecular structure. The alkyl chain has long smoothness, short alkyl chain, and somewhat poor smoothness. If there is no ethylene oxide group in the sulfate alkyl chain, it does not show antistatic properties. If there is an ethylene oxide group, it shows good antistatic properties, especially for polyester and polypropylene. it is good. The antistatic effect of alkyl ether sulfates is related to the number of moles of ethylene oxide added and the type of fiber.
3 smoothing agent 3.1 Several kinds of mineral oil. The general mineral oil is colored and needs to be treated with fuming sulfuric acid and then decolorized with clay. After filtration, a colorless industrial white oil can be obtained. Among the oils, even more than 80% of industrial white oil is used in 5% to 50% of winding oil. However, due to poor heat resistance, high volatility, and poor oil film strength, its use is limited in high-temperature and high-speed spinning.
3.2 Natural Oils Natural oils consist of triglycerides of higher fatty acids. Examples of such smoothing agents include coconut oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, and lard oil. Because of their low cost, good smoothness, low fuming, and high film strength, they are often used in combination with other smoothing agents for POY oils. In addition to all types of chemical fiber oil agent, but because of its molecules contain double bonds, poor oxidation stability, easy coking, and poor sizing, the amount is generally controlled within 8%.
3.3 Synthetic esters Synthetic esters are the main smoothing agents for FDY, industrial filaments and other oils in the one-step spinning process. Synthetic esters have a wide range of raw materials, superior performance over natural mineral oils, low volatility, and good resistance to oxygen. It is generally prepared by the condensation esterification and transesterification of various alcohols and higher fatty acids. Monoesters, diesters, polyesters, etc. can be made into different applications as needed.
The monoester smoothing agent is an ester of a monobasic acid and a dihydric alcohol and generally has a low viscosity. Although some can impart good smoothness to fibers, they are only used under normal conditions. In addition, the monoester has poor abrasion resistance, a low boiling point, a high melting point, and is easily oxidized. The double ester smoothing agent double ester has good solubility and good compatibility with additives. In addition, it is non-corrosive to metals, hydrolytically stable, and non-toxic. The most commonly used diester-type smoothing agent is dioctyl dioctyl ester (DOS). Polyol smoothing agents are esters of polyols and monobasic acids. The neopentyl polyol ester is an excellent smoothing agent. It is an esterified product of neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol and monobasic acid with good thermal stability and antioxidant properties.
1 The mineral oil specification h has several but uses, the slippery (only one A-alcohol ester, the carbon chain, the smoothness of the carbon chain, the heat resistance, the viscosity and the thermal stability of the synthetic ester are all large and large with the relative molecular mass, When the relative molecular weights are the same, the degree of unsaturation increases or the degree of branching decreases and deteriorates, in order to obtain a synthetic ester having a certain relative molecular mass and being liquid at room temperature, a polybasic acid and a monohydric alcohol are generally used. The reaction, or the reaction of a polyhydric alcohol with a monobasic acid, or the introduction of an unsaturated group in the molecule and the use of an acid or an alcohol having a branched structure, etc. Synthetic esters are widely used for their excellent smoothness and high oil film strength. Among various chemical fiber oils, especially oils with higher requirements for smoothness, such as high-strength industrial oils, cord oils, and FDY oils.
Increase, but the freezing point rises, the difficulty of the reaction increases; the unsaturated ester has a low freezing point, but it is easily heated by coking, and the color of the product is dark; the introduction of branched chain and unsaturated bonds can reduce the freezing point of fatty acid esters; polyol esters without aromatic rings The freezing point is low and the heat resistance is good, but the price is higher.
Tianjin University of Technology uses special catalysts and post-treatment technology to synthesize more than 20 kinds of high-temperature esters and low-temperature ester smoothing agents such as monoesters, diesters, and polyol esters, such as lauryl oleate, triisopropyl propane octanol ester, and laurel. Acid PEG ester and so on. Widely used in polyester FDY, industrial silk, far-infrared polypropylene filament oil agent.
In the use of synthetic esters, heat resistance and its affinity with the paste should be taken into consideration. In the post-processing sizing process, the synthetic ester has a similar “Plasticizer” effect on the slurry, which tends to soften and loosen the film and lose its protective effect on the fiber, resulting in desizing. The method used in the past is to match a certain amount of mineral oil to prevent desizing. In recent years, it has been reported that the use of pentaerythritol dimyristate, pentaerythritol dioleate, pentaerythritol tricaprate, and other synthetic esters can effectively prevent desizing.
4 Polyether Emulsifiers Polyether surfactants are the most commonly used emulsifiers in chemical fiber oil formulations. Polyether belongs to the category of nonionic surfactants and is an important part of chemical fiber oil agents and textile auxiliaries. According to different polymerization methods, polyether is divided into regular polyether and irregular polyether.
Polyether surfactant is characterized by good heat resistance, good fiber smoothness, no smoke, no condensation. The high molecular weight polyether has better heat resistance, and the addition of 10% oil can significantly increase the heat resistance of the oil.
When high-speed spinning and high-speed false twisting are used in Europe and America, high molecular weight (2000~3000) polyether is used because of its good heat resistance. Japan's Takemoto Co., Ltd., a polyether made from polypropylene glycol (with a molecular weight of 1,000 to 2,000), is equivalent to lauryl oleate in its smoothness and bundling properties to fibers. Polyether for high-speed spinning and super high-speed spinners is required to spread the oil at a speed of 3500 to 6200 m/min quickly and evenly on the surface of the oil. When the temperature is above 200C, the oil must evaporate less and the coking is required. Less; Some functional fibers such as high-speed spinning far-infrared fibers also require oils with excellent smoothness and high oil film strength.
In order to meet the above performance requirements, it is necessary to design the formulation of the oil agent based on the relative molecular mass of different polyethers. The compatibility of the other components of the polyether and the oil agent is considered to be good or not, and whether or not the crude oil can be emulsified is good. Can it be transparent and stable, and can the emulsion be stable?
We must also fully consider the application of the oil agent, and carry out the oiling test in the actual production of the chemical fiber to examine the uniformity of the oil on the fiber, the spinnability, the uniformity of the fiber dyeing, and the first-rate product rate of the fiber. The effect of polyether on the smoothness, heat resistance, cohesion, and antistatic properties of the oil agent.
In general, the relatively high molecular weight polyethers can meet the wetting requirements with less residual potassium ions, reduce coking, adjust the smoothness, improve wear resistance and bundling.
5 Development trend of surfactants for oils The chemical fiber industry is currently developing rapidly in the direction of high speed, high efficiency, large capacity, short flow, differentiation, and functionalization. With the use of new processes and new equipment, chemical fiber oils More advanced requirements, such as better smoothness, wettability, heat resistance, anti-coking, etc., have been proposed. Only by constantly developing oil-based monomers that have excellent properties and adapted to the new process and new requirements for chemical fiber production can the research and development of chemical fiber oil monomer be conducted in order to promote the continuous progress and development of chemical fiber production technology. Can produce qualitative changes.
Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES),white or yellowish paste, an anionic detergent and surfactant found in many personal care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste, etc.). SLES is an inexpensive and very effective foaming agent.SLES, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), and sodium pareth sulfate are surfactants that are used in many cosmetic products for their cleaning and emulsifying properties. They behave similarly to soap. It is derived from palm kernel oil or coconut oil.
Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na. Sometimes the number represented by n is specified in the name, for example laureth-2 sulfate. The product is heterogeneous in the number of ethoxyl groups, where n is the mean. Laureth-3 sulfate is common in commercial products.
SLES is prepared by ethoxylation of dodecyl alcohol, which is produced industrially from palm kernel oil or coconut oil. The resulting ethoxylate is converted to a half ester of sulfuric acid, which is neutralized by conversion to the sodium salt.[1] The related surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate or SDS) is produced similarly, but without the ethoxylation step. SLS and ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) are commonly used alternatives to SLES in consumer products.
SLES is a kind of anionic surfactant with excellent performance.
It has good cleaning, emulsifying, wetting, densifying and foaming performance,with good solvency, wide compatibility, strong resistance to hard water, high biodegradation, and low irritation to skin and eye.
1.SLES(Sodium Laureth Sulphate) widely used in liquid detergent.; e.g. Shampoo, dishwashing detergent, bubble bath liquid, hand washing etc.
2.If using SLES(Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate) to replace LABSA partially, phosphate can be saved or reduced, and general dosage of active matter may be reduced, in washing powder and detergent for heavy dirty.
3.SLES(Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate) can be used as lubricant, dyeing agent, cleanser, foaming agent and degreasing agent.; e.g. printing and dyeing industry, petroleum and leather industry.
Lauryl Ether Sulfate, Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate, Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate, Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate Detergent
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